Kyrgyzstan is a developing country, and poverty is one of its main problems. The evidence of this is numerous homeless people, street kids and orphans. Orphans are one of the most common issues of the world. Every country is trying to find a method on how to deal with this issue. Orphans are children whose parents are dead or who have been abandoned by their parents, especially children not adopted by another family. There are two types of orphans: true orphans and social orphans. True orphans are children who have no parents and this can be for a couple of reasons; either the parents were deprived from their parental rights or both parents passed away. Social orphans are the type of orphans who have one or both parents, but for different reasons they do not want or cannot care for their children. One of the reasons why there are orphans is that the parents are alcoholics and drug addicts. The parents of social orphans are not deprived of their parental rights but in fact, do not care for their children. In this case, when children’s parents do not care about them the state takes these kids to special places such as orphanages or rehabilitation centers. Today, Kyrgyzstan has 70[1] orphanages, one of them being the Voenno-Antonovka Orphanage which has 116 children: 25 of them are true orphans, whose parents have passed away; and 91 kids are social orphans. In Kyrgyzstan, the numbers of orphans have already exceeded 20,000.[2] This was announced at a meeting held by the Director of the Rehabilitation Centre for Street Children, Alex Petrushevsky.[3] According to the statistics of orphans in orphanages in Kyrgyzstan, twelve percent of the orphans are true orphans, leaving the other eighty-eight percent as social orphans. The demographics of the 20,000 kids living on street show that there are equal numbers of Russian and Kyrgyz children, but there are no children from Dungan, Korean, or gipsy ethnic groups. There are different reasons for the existence of social orphans: parents are abroad, parents are alcohol and drug addicts, children are disabled and some young orphan girls cannot afford to have an abortion so they must give birth to their children.
Most of the social orphans of the Kyrgyz Republic were left by their parents because they do not have sources to feed their children and are unable to raise them at home. Citizens of our country try to earn money and if they cannot find well-paid jobs here, they go abroad to work. While they improve their financial condition, their children remain in orphanages. Usually parents leave their children to their grandparents as a tutor, but grand parents are not able to feed them, so they send them to the orphanage. There is no exact number of kids whose parents are abroad, however parents do not inform any one about their location. It shows us that the Kyrgyz Republic is a poor country because it cannot provide jobs for its citizens, and the government, for different reasons, cannot help people. On one hand, parents want to be responsible and earn money for their kids to provide them with a better future, but on the other hand, while the parents are working abroad their kids do not get parental love and care. What is better- money or parental love?
Another reason for the existence of social orphans is that the parents are addicted to drugs and alcohol. Social orphans have one or both parents and in most cases they cannot be deprived of their parental right; though there are some cases when they are. Sometimes, parents who are deprived of their parental rights stop using alcohol and/or drugs, but in many cases, parents feel ok that their children are in the orphanage. Such parents find it beneficial not to spend money to buy clothes, food, but instead, have more money for alcohol and drugs. Children in alcohol, drug addicted families are exposed to violence and that’s why the Department of Family and Children Support was created, June 2008.[4] As Veber Galina Nikolaevna, who is the vice president of the Voenno-Antonovka Orphanage, tells about DFCS function, since the DFCS was created every orphanage has been controlled by the government and every child is protected. One of the main jobs of the DFCS is to protect children from domestic abuse. In cases where parents are drunk or under the influence of drugs, they are more likely to abuse their children. In such situations the DFCS has the right to write a petition for the child to be taken from family, but first a warning to the parents is given. Whether to write a petition or not, there is a procedure they must be followed by DFCS: they talk with child, and visit the family as often as they can, if they see a serious alcohol addiction, they give a warning. The DFCS was created to protect the lives of children in families because in most cases, kids can not protect themselves. Most children know about their rights, but not all of them know what to do if their rights are violated. The commission has the right to remove the child from their home and take the child to the orphanage where they would be safer than remaining in the home with abusive parents. I had a chance to take an interview from one of the girls who were brought to the orphanage by DFCS.
My name is Saltanat, my mom used to drink a lot; she didn’t care about me and my younger sister. After a while DFCS people came to take us to the orphanage, after I find out that neighbors informed the commission about situation in our family. I don’t know what could happen, if I would stay with my mother.
Third reason is that children are born with disabilities and parents can not afford expensive medicines, nurses and tutors. According to the statistics there are 22.000[5] invalid children in Kyrgyzstan, but there is no exact number of disable social orphans.
Finally, the biggest reason for the increase of social orphans is that the parents are also orphans. Every year, 70 orphanages release about 15 graduates. In one year 975 young people face a new life and most are not mature enough and do not have parents or any other relatives to help them. They have few options and life on the street is the easiest way to earn money; for girls it is prostitution and for boys it is crime. The graduated girls are inexperienced and get pregnant and cannot afford an abortion, so they leave their children.
Every orphan, or a child without parental care, has the right to get free accommodation after release from the orphanage. Maybe we cannot compare Kyrgyzstan with the Russian Federation due to such different level of economics, but still, our government should at least support young mothers and graduates from orphanages. Parizat, 22 years old: “I graduated from orphanage in 2006. I could go to study, the education is free for orphans, but I needed money to eat, to buy clothes and etc. I got married, now I have little son well I knew that there is no help to graduates from state, so I had to survive by myself. My parents are alive, but they just can not help me, and because we weren’t in touch for a long time we didn’t feel like we are family. Nobody knows the exact quantity of the social orphans in Kyrgyzstan, but probably it increased, because the prices for everything have been increased. Social orphans are become one of the biggest issues to solve in Kyrgyzstan. And for people there are no differences between social and true orphans, all children in orphanage are orphans. Social orphans appear because of irresponsibility of adults, parents and indifference of government to its citizens. There are different ways how to help social orphans: first of all the state should provide an accommodation for those who graduate from orphanages and do not have place to stay. Second, the state should provide its citizens by well-paid job, and the government should increase the pension for invalids and may be even decrease the sell of alcohol drinks, because alcohol is one of the biggest reasons why people leave their children. I believe that we can change life in Kyrgyzstan, but we need help, help from government and every one should be involved in changing our society.
[1] АКИpress-Fergana (Osh), “Department for Child Protection: the number of orphanages has increased for 2,5 times ,over the past 20 years in Kyrgyzstan,.” 07-12-2009, 16:03
http://fergana.akipress.org/news:58321/ [2] “According to UNICEF, in Kyrgyzstan the number of orphans is exceeding 20,000”. 31.03.2011 /
15:40http://www.kyrgyzpress.com/haber-1584———-20-.html[3] Ksenia Tolkaneva, “In Kyrgyzstan, the number of orphans has already exceeded 23,000”, 17/11/09 13:25,
http://www.24kg.org/community/65715-v-kyrgyzstane-chislo-socialnyx-sirot-uzhe.html
[4] “In Kyrgyzstan in 2008 created 56 departments of Family and Child Support” 24.kg, http://www.for.kg/ru/news/80028/ 12:05, 19 декабря 2008
[5]Aigul Ryskulova, “ The benefit for children with disabilities are planning to raise for a thousand soms, on July 1”, 02.03.2011, http://www.azattyk.org/archive/ky_domestic_News_in_Russian/20110302/829/3462.html?id=2325479